Groundwater level directly affects soil water content, which in turn impacts the growth, distribution, and succession of wetland vegetation. Based on the groundwater monitoring data during 2014 to 2018, we analyzed the inter- and intra-annual variations in groundwater level of the wetland in Poyang Lake. We set up a groundwater numerical model to investigate the spatial patterns of groundwater flow field and distribution of groundwater depth. The relationship between groundwater depth and distribution of typical vegetation was explored with Gaussian regression analysis. Results showed that groundwater level of the wetland showed inter-annual variation, with the trend highly consistent to the changes in lake water level. There was a lag of one month between the inter-annual change in groundwater depth and the seasonal distribution of precipitation. The annual groundwater level showed a decreasing trend from upstream to downstream. The range of groundwater depth in upstream area of the wetland was narrower (0.1ease when the groundwater depth reached 5.7 m.Net primary productivity (NPP) of grassland is a key link and important part of the ecosystem's carbon cycle. We estimated the changes of NPP in grasslands of the Loess Plateau with unchanged land use types during 2000-2015 and analyzed its responses to the variation of main climate factors (annual precipitation, annual heavy rainfall, annual effective rainfall days, annual average temperature, annual maximum temperature, annual minimum temperature) using piecewise linear regression and Pearson correlation analysis. The driving factors of grassland NPP were further analyzed by pixel-by-pixel with boosted regression tree analysis. The results showed that annual mean grassland NPP in the Loess Plateau showed an increasing trend during the study period, with 51.3% of the total grassland area showing a significant increasing trend. The average increase rate of annual mean NPP declined from 15.23 g C?m-2?a-1 in 2000-2004 to 3.58 g C?m-2?a-1 in 2004-2015. There was a significant positive correlation between grassland NPP and precipitation, but negative correlation with temperature factors. Annual precipitation was the dominant climatic factor affecting NPP of the whole study area with the highest relative importance. Annual maximum temperature was the dominant driving force of grassland NPP of central Loess Plateau, while annual minimum temperature mainly affected the growth of grassland in high-altitude area of the western Loess Plateau.Syzygium album is a plant species with extremely small population and endemic to Yun-xiao County, Fujian Province. We examined its population status and conservation evaluation. The results showed that there were 25 individuals of S. album, with only one mother tree. Except for the mother tree and one small tree, the others were all young seedlings, which was rare in abundance and lack of age stage of middle and strong trees. The spatial distribution of young seedlings was not uniform, with most of individuals within the range of 10-25 m from the mother tree. The age class structure of the population was not continuous and the population development was unsustainable. The competition mainly came from other species. Cryptocarya chinensis accounted for 66.6% of the total competition index, which was much higher than other species. We established a comprehensive evaluation index system for the protection of rare and endangered plants with extremely small populations and evaluated the protection of S. album from three aspects, i.e., endangered degree, protection value, and protection priority. The endangered degree of S. album was level ? (the endangered degree index was 4.510), belonging to extremely endangered species, the protection value was level ? (the protection value index was 4.052), which was of great value, and the protection priority was level ? (the protection priority index was 4.016), which should be listed as the highest priority protection level.Soil microorganisms, which are sensitive to environmental changes, affect soil nutrient cycling and play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling. To understand the changes of soil microorganisms in subtropical forest across the urban-rural environmental gradient, we analyzed the differences in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and microbial community functional diversitiy in Dashu Mountain National Forest Park (urban forest), Zipeng Mountain National Forest Park (suburban forest) in Hefei and Wanfo Mountain(rural forest) in Luan City. Results showed that soil MBC followed an order of rural natural forest (115.07 mg?kg-1) &gt; suburban forest (101.68 mg?kg-1) &gt; urban forest (82.73 mg?kg-1), soil MBN followed an order of rural natural forest (57.73 mg?kg-1) &gt; urban forest (31.57 mg?kg-1) &gt; suburban forest (29.01 mg?kg-1), soil microbial metabolic activities (AWCD), McIntosh index (U) were shown as rural natural forest &gt; suburban forest &gt; urban forest. The main carbon soex of microbial communities. The results suggested that there were significant differences in microbial community characteristics of forest soil in urban-rural environmental gradient forests, and that the metabolic potential and functional diversity of soil microbial community in urban forests were weaker than that of natural forests.We conducted a pot experiment to investigate the effects of planting broadleaf tree species (i.e., Cinnamomum camphora, Schima superba, and Quercus glauca) and Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) on soil carbon mineralization and microbial community structure. The rates of soil carbon mineralization were measured via alkali trapping method. The structural and functional diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and real-time quantitative PCR techniques. The soil planted with Moso bamboo exhibited a significantly higher carbon mineralization rate and labile carbon content than those in the soils planted with broadleaf tree species. The underground biomass of Moso bamboo was higher than that of broadleaf tree species. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/dir-cy7-dic18.html The soil bacterial communities were more sensitive than fungal communities to the planting of different plant species . Moreover, soil fungal diversity of Moso bamboo was distinctly different from that of broadleaf tree species.